Determination of Substance through Density

Determination of Substance through Density DExperiment #1 DENSITY OF SUBSTANCES Prepared by Paul Okweye and Malinda Gilmore Purpose of the Experiment To learn about the properties of matter such as density that are used as a method of physical identification. In this experiment the objectives are: To teach the correct use of a balance and graduated cylinders, To determine the densities of solids, pure liquids and solutions, To determine percent errors during experimental analysis, and To teach the use of graphing of experimental data. Background Information Density, like boiling point, color, odor, solubility, and melting point, is a physical property of matter. Therefore, density may be used in identifying matter. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is expressed mathematically as d = m / v (Equation 1: d is density, m is mass, and v is volume). The density of a sample of matter represents the mass contained within a unit volume of space in the sample. The units of density, therefore, are quoted in terms of grams per milliliter (g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) for most solid and liquid samples of matter. The density of a sample represents the mass of the specific sample divided by its volume. density (g/ml) = mass (g) à · volume (ml or cm3) Eqn. 1 Often, a density varies with temperature because of the volume of the sample such as gases. Therefore, densities are usually determined and reported at room temperature (about 25oC; see Table 1). References such as chemical handbooks always specify the temperature at which a density was measured. As previously stated, density can be used as a method of identification. Various things that density can be useful for are listed below: Table 1. Densities of various substances at room temperature, 25oC. Density is often used as a point of identification in the determination of an unknown substance. The density of the unknown might be used to characterize the unknown from a list of known substances. It is very unlikely for two substances to have the same density, and when added with boiling point and melting point it adds even more validity to the identity of the substance. Density can also be used to determine the concentration of solutions in certain instances. When a substance is dissolved in water, the density of the solution will be different from that of the pure water itself. Handbooks list detailed information about the densities of solutions as a function of their composition (typically, in terms of percent substance in the solution). If a sample is known to contain only a single substance, the density of the solution can be measured experimentally, and then the handbook can be consulted to determine what concentration of the substance gives rise to the measured solution density. Several techniques are used for the determination of density of substances. In general, a density determination involves the determination of the mass of the sample divided by the determination of the volume of the sample. However, the method used for determining mass or volume depends on whether or not the sample is a solid or a liquid. For solid samples, the volume of the solid can be determined using Archimedes’s principle, which states that an insoluble, nonreactive solid will displace a volume of liquid equal to its own volume. Typically, a solid is added to a liquid in a volumetric container (such as a graduated cylinder) and the change in the liquid level is determined. For liquids, very precise values of density may be determined by measuring an accurate volume of liquid in a container that can then be weighed and then determining the mass of the liquid that was measured. A convenient container for determining the volume of a liquid is to weigh a particular volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder. The density of substances is very important especially when talking about buoyancy the tendency or capacity to remain afloat in a liquid or rise in air or gas. Often one asks the question, â€Å"Why does ice float in water?† The answer to that question depends totally on density of the substances involved. When dealing with water, water can be in the form of ice, liquid or solid (Table 2). The density of ice is 0.917 g/cm3 and then density of water in its liquid state at 25oC (room temperature) is 0.999 g/cm3. Therefore, the density of ice is less than the density of water so that is why ice floats in water. Temperature (oC) Density of Water (g/cm3) 0 (ice) 0.91700 0 (liquid water) 0.99984 2 0.99994 4 0.99997 10 0.99970 25 0.99707 100 0.95836 Table 2. Temperature Dependence of Water Density Safety Precautions Safety goggles and lab coat / apron are required for this lab The solutions used in this lab are flammable. Use them only as directed Materials and Chemicals Graduated cylinders (25 mL, 50 ml, and 100 mL) Balance Regular Solid Sample Irregular Solid Sample Liquid Sample (Isopropyl Alcohol) Distilled Water Sodium Chloride (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% solutions) Procedures A. Determination of the Density of Solids Obtain a regular shaped solid (cubic metal). On your data sheet, write down the name of the solid and describe its appearance. Using a balance, weigh the regular shaped solid. Weigh it on a balance to the nearest 0.01 g. Record the weight on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Weight of the Solid.† Using a 100-mL graduated cylinder, add 75 mL of distilled water. Record the exact volume of water in the graduated cylinder to the precision permitted by the calibration marks on the cylinder. Record this volume on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Initial Volume of Water for the Solid†. Gently place the regular solid (cubic metal) into the cylinder (do not drop the metal because it could splash the water in the graduated cylinder). Read the level of the water in the graduated cylinder, again making your determination to the precision permitted by the calibration marks on the cylinder. Record this volume on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Final Volume of Water for the Solid.† The change in the water (Vsolid = Vf – Vi) level represents the volume of the solid. Calculate the density of the regular solid (cubic metal) using Equation 1. Record the calculated value (experimental value) of the density on the data sheet in the section label â€Å"Experimental Value of Density of Solid.† Compare the calculated (experimental value) density of the regular solid (cubic metal) with the actual density value provided in Table 3. Record the actual density on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Actual Density of the Solid.† Calculate the percent error of your measurement. Record value on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Percent Error of Solid†. Note: Percent Error = Experimental Value – Actual Value x 100% Accepted Value Dry the regular solid (cubic metal) with a paper towel and return the sample to your instructor. B. Density of Pure Liquids Pure Water (Distilled Water) Clean and dry a 50 ml graduated cylinder. Accurately weigh the dry graduated cylinder using a balance. Record weight on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Initial Weight of the Graduated Cylinder (Water).† Add 45 mL of water to the graduated cylinder. Record the exact volume of the water in the cylinder, to the level of precision permitted by the calibration marks on the barrel of the cylinder on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Volume of Water†. Weigh the graduated cylinder and water as accurately as possible. Record weight on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Final Weight of the Graduated Cylinder (Water).† Calculate the density of the water using Equation 1. Record the calculated value (experimental value) of the density on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Experimental Value of Density of Water.† Determine the temperature of the water in the cylinder. You will use the temperature of the water to determine which density value of water to use from Table 2. Record the temperature on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Temperature of Water.† Compare the calculated (experimental value) density of the water with the actual density listed in Table 2. Record the actual density on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Actual Density of the Water.† Calculate the percent error. Record value on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Percent Error of Water†. Clean and dry the graduated cylinder. Rubbing Alcohol Obtain a sample of rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol = rubbing alcohol). Clean and dry a 10 ml graduated cylinder. Weigh the dry graduated cylinder as accurately as you can with the balances you have available. Record weight on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Initial Weight of the Graduated Cylinder (Rubbing Alcohol).† Add 5 mL of rubbing alcohol to the graduated cylinder. Record the exact volume of the alcohol in the cylinder, to the level of precision permitted by the calibration marks on the barrel of the cylinder on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Volume of Rubbing Alcohol.† Weigh the graduated cylinder and rubbing alcohol as accurately as possible. Record weight on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Final Weight of the Graduated Cylinder (Rubbing Alcohol).† Calculate the density of the rubbing alcohol using Equation 1. Record the calculated value (experimental value) of the density on the data sheet in the section label â€Å"Experimental Value of Density of Rubbing Alcohol.† Compare the calculated (experimental value) density of the rubbing alcohol with the actual density listed in Table 3. Record the actual density on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Actual Density of the Rubbing Alcohol.† Calculate the percent error. Record value on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Percent Error of Rubbing Alcohol†. Clean and dry the graduated cylinder. C. Density of Solutions Chemical solutions are often described in concentrations and most times in terms of the solutions’ percent composition on a weight basis. For example, a 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution contains 1 g of NaCl in every 100 mL of solution (which corresponds to 1 g of NaCl for every 99 mL of water (H2O) present). Obtain 50 mL solutions of NaCl in H2O consisting of the following percents by weight: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Make the weight determinations of NaCl and H2O accurately as possible. Using the method described earlier for samples of pure liquids, determine the mass, volume and density of each of your NaCl solutions. Record that information on the data sheet under the specified section. Compare the calculated (experimental value) density of the NaCl solutions with the actual density listed in Table 3. Calculate the percent errors for each solution. Record value on the data sheet in the section labeled â€Å"Percent Error of NaCl Solutions†. Using Excel, construct a graph of the calculated (experimental value) density of your NaCl solutions (y-axis) versus the percent of NaCl the solution contains (x-axis). Obtain the straight line equation (y = mx + b). Record this equation in the designated area on the data sheet. Name_______________________________________________________________________________ Lab Partner____________________________Section/Day/Time_______________________________ Experiment #1 DENSITY OF SUBSTANCES DATA SHEET A. Determination of the Density of Solids Sample Name ______________________________ Appearance of Solid ______________________________ Weight (g) of the Solid ______________________________ Initial Volume (mL) of Water for the Solid ______________________________ Final Volume (mL) of Water for the Solid ______________________________ Volume (mL) of the Solid ______________________________ Experimental Value of Density (g/mL) of Solid______________________________ Actual Density (g/mL) of the Solid ______________________________ Percent Error of Solid ______________________________ B. Determination of the Density of Pure Liquids Pure Water (Distilled Water) Initial Weight (g) of the Graduated Cylinder (Water) ______________________________ Final Weight (g) of the Graduated Cylinder (Water) ______________________________ Weight (g) of Water Sample______________________________ Volume (mL) of Water ______________________________ Experimental Value of Density (g/mL) of Water ______________________________ Actual Density (g/mL) of the Water ______________________________ Percent Error of Water ______________________________ Name_______________________________________________________________________________ Lab Partner____________________________Section/Day/Time_______________________________ Experiment #1 DENSITY OF SUBSTANCES DATA SHEET Rubbing Alcohol Initial Weight (g) of the Graduated Cylinder (Rubbing Alcohol)______________________________ Final Weight (g) of the Graduated Cylinder (Rubbing Alcohol) ______________________________ Weight (g) of Rubbing Alcohol Sample______________________________ Volume (mL) of Rubbing Alcohol ______________________________ Experimental Value of Density (g/mL) of Rubbing Alcohol ______________________________ Actual Density (g/mL) of the Rubbing Alcohol ______________________________ Percent Error of Rubbing Alcohol ______________________________ C. Determination of the Density of Solutions % NaCl Mass (g) Volume (mL) Density (g/mL: Calculated) Density (g/mL: Actual) % error 5 10 15 20 25 Note: Show calculations in your lab report. Name____________________________________________________________________________ Lab.Partner____________________________Section/Day/Time_____________________________ Experiment #1 DENSITY OF SUBSTANCES HOMEWORK SHEET 1. Explain density in words. 2. What error would be introduced into the determination of the density of the solid if the solid were hollow? Would the density be too high or too low? 3. An insoluble, nonreactive metal sphere weighing 18.45 g is added to 21.7 ml of water in a graduated cylinder. The water level rises to 26.8 ml. Calculate the density of the metal. 4. An empty graduated cylinder weighs 34.4257 g. A 10-ml pipet sample of an unknown liquid is transferred to the graduated cylinder. The graduated cylinder weighs 40.1825 g when weighed with the liquid in it. Calculate the density of the unknown liquid. 5. Your data for the density of the NaCl (sodium chloride) solutions should have produced a straight line when plotted. How could this plot be used to determine the density of any concentration of sodium chloride solution? 6. Examine your graph and determine the density for each of the following percents of NaCl: 3%, 9%, 15%, 21%, and 45%.

Broadcast commission

Children in Jamaica and the world at large are surrounded by opportunities to develop and use emergent literacy skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Based on a research conducted by the Sesame Street Media, â€Å"Once children get to 7 and 8 years, they are able to focus on activities for longer stretches of time. Their memory, logical reasoning, and problem-solving skills sharpen. Children at this age are also starting to form stronger, more complex relationships outside the family, especially with same-sex peers. The power of media on the society is taken as a axis that media representations are not simply a mirror of society but rather, they are highly selective and merely an example. Therefore, active decisions should be taken at every stage of the process of producing and transmitting media material, regarding what should be included and what should be omitted and how and when a content should be presented. Possible effects such as such as violent or aggres sive behavior, substance use, sexual activity and decreased school performance are major issues.In an aid to prevent this, necessary measures need to be taken in order to mitigate these potential problems. In Jamaica there are directives that electronic media, broadcast radio and television, as well as subscriber television has to follow from the Broadcasting Commission. The Broadcasting Commission role is to monitor and regulate these industries, balancing the interests of consumers, the industries and the creative community in implementing public policy and law. Ender the Broadcasting Law and Regulation Code, there is the Children's Code for Programming. This code sets out standards for the media to rate and schedule or filter programming and provide advisories. This will assist parents and guardians to determine the types of material to which their children are exposed. The procedures in the code arise from the general principles for dealing with child audiences are detailed in t he Children's Charter for programming.According to the code, rating is an assessment of the nature of problematic material in all programming. For the broadcast, media rating will be done of all programming including newscasts, broadcasts of sporting events, music videos, programmer trailers, songs and advertisements where as for the subscriber television services rating will be carried out on each channel. Scheduling or filtering Is ensuring that programming Is only transmitted to the appropriate audience for the type of problematic material it contains.Therefore, the broadcast media programmer are scheduled so that potentially harmful material is not transmitted at times when children can reasonably be expected to be a significant part of the radio or television audiences. Subscriber television services material is filtered so that programming channels rated A or X are only available to subscribers who specifically choose to have that material in their homes. In an effort to do so they provide what is called a Watershed,' established at pm daily.This is a time each day, after which a programming might become increasingly adult oriented. Advisories are information about the nature and make informed choices about what type of programming children in their care are exposed to. For example: According to the Broadcasting Commission, on radio aired between 7:mama and 8:1 Sam, material reviewed song, â€Å"All my ladies if you got it let me know, she thick in her hips, colder than a month licking her lips; a bad ‘matchlocks'. Apple looking so right. She makes me want a piece. I give it to her all night, she doesn't want to leave†.They found this as being offensive sounding words, as it presents a distasteful language, sexual content and it is in Breach of Watershed, (February 6&20 2009 Directives and Children Code). Therefore, it is in the best interest of the Broadcasting Commission that obscene and indecent programming is constitutional, because of t he compelling societal interests in protecting children from potentially harmful programming and supporting parent's ability to determine the programming to which their children will be exposed to at home.In a speech presented by Chairman of the Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica, Hope S. Dunn on July 14, 2010 at the Pegasus Hotel, he stated that, â€Å"Regarding the enforcement of the Children's Code for Programming, there has been significant progress in the quality of the output on electronic media nationally. This is evident from the Commission's Complaints record for the period April 2009 to March 2010, the Commission received sixty-nine (69) complaints. This was a decrease of forty-seven percent (47%) when compared to the previous period.On the other hand the Media Association of Jamaica in partnership with the Press Association of Jamaica has reduced a Code of Ethics for Journalists to create a higher basic standard of journalism across the industry and to improve transparen cy and redress by media houses in the public interest. There is always that time in a media practitioner's career, when he or she would end up at a crossroads where an ethical decision has to be made between right and wrong.Often times, ethical choices are hard to make, but at the end of the day a decision has to be made. Professionals in various fields make choices not Just in a systematic way but most importantly in an ethical manner. With that being said, the press association of Jamaica code of practice, provides requirements for media practitioners to abide by, it also deals with matters of common concern among citizen as it relates to morality and the protection of fairness.Under the provision of the code media practitioners should not identify children under the age of 18 who are involved in cases concerning sexual offences, whether as victims or as witnesses or defendants in a trial. In any news report of a case involving a sexual offence by an adult against a child, the chi ld should not be identified. The adult may be identified if such identification would not cause the identity of the child to be revealed. In cases of incest, for the purposes of the protection of the identification the child, the term ‘incest', where applicable, should never be used.

Studies Show Black Women Are Healthier at a Higher Weight Than White Women

Studies reveal that African American women can weigh significantly more than white women and still be healthy. By examining two standards of measurement — BMI (body mass index) and WC (waist circumference) — researchers found that while white women with a BMI of 30 or more and a WC of 36 inches or more were at greater risk for diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, black women with those same numbers were considered medically healthy. African American womens risk factors did not increase until they reached a BMI of 33 or more and a WC of 38 inches or more. Typically, health experts consider adults with a BMI of 25-29.9 to be overweight and those with a BMI of 30 or greater to be obese. Peter Katzmarzyks Studies The study, published in the January 6, 2011 research journal Obesity and authored by Peter Katzmarzyk and others at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, only examined white and African American women. No similar racial difference between black men and white men were studied. Katmzarzyk theorizes that the weight gap between white and black women may have to do with how body fat is distributed differently throughout the body. What many call belly fat is primarily recognized as being a significantly greater health risk than fat in the hips and thighs. Dr. Samuel Dagogo-Jacks Findings Katzmarzyks findings echo a 2009 study by Dr. Samuel Dagogo-Jack  of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis. Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the American Diabetes Association, Dagogo-Jacks research revealed that whites had more body fat than blacks, which led him to theorize that muscle mass may be higher in African-Americans. Existing BMI and WC guidelines are derived from studies of predominantly white and European populations and do not take into account physiological differences due to ethnicity and race. Because of this, Dagogo-Jack believes that his findings argue for a review of the existing cutoffs for healthy BMI and waist circumference among African-Americans. Sources: Kohl, Simi. Use of BMI and waist circumference as surrogates of body fat differs by ethnicity. Obesity Vol. 15 No. 11 at Academia.edu. November 2007Norton, Amy. Healthy waist may be a bit bigger for black women. Reuters Health at Reuters.com. 25 January 2011. Richardson, Carolyn and Mary Hartley, RD. Study Shows Black Women Can Be Healthy At Higher Weights. caloriecount.about.com. 31 March 2011.Scott, Jennifer R. Abdominal Obesity. weightloss.about.com. 11 August 2008.The Endocrine Society. Widely Used Body Fat Measurements Overestimate Fatness In African-Americans, Study Finds. ScienceDaily.com. 22 June 2009.

Essay on Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder often found in young adolescent women, that has been characterized by a distorted attitude towards weight and body image, a set of behaviors calculated to produce weight loss and other physiological and psychological symptoms. Physiological symptoms include (according to the DSM III- R criteria) starvation, amenorrhoea, and a refusal to maintain weight above 85% of their ideal weight. Psychological symptoms include an obsessive pursuit of thinness, along with obvious body preoccupation, and an incessant rumination about food. In addition, they are also engaged in compulsive calorie counting and excessive physical exercise. The†¦show more content†¦In response to their obsessions, most people with OCD resort to repetitive behaviors called compulsions. The most common of these are washing and checking. Other compulsive behaviors include counting, repeating, hoarding, and endlessly rearranging objects in an effort to keep them in preci se alignment with each other. Some people with OCD have regimented rituals while others have rituals that are complex and changing. Performing rituals may give the person with OCD some relief from anxiety, but it is only temporary. People with OCD usually have considerable insight into their own problems. Most of the time, they know that their obsessive thoughts are senseless or exaggerated, and that their compulsive behaviors are not really necessary. However, this knowledge is not sufficient to enable them to stop obsessing or carrying out the rituals. After reading the description of Anorexia and OCD, one can identify many similar symptoms among the two disorders. In addition to these common symptoms, there are biological similarities as well, since serotonin dysfunction has been implicated as one of the possible causes of OCD and anorexia (as well as bulimia nervosa). These factors have led many investigators to study the relationship between anorexia and OCD. Most systematic and controlled studies using a large sample have concluded that there is an association between the two disorders. Various investigators found that OCD was more common in anorexicShow MoreRelatedEssay about Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder2367 Words   |  10 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder It has long been recognized that there are similarities between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Anorexia Nervosa. These similarities lie in the symptoms of the disorder. Many patients of both diseases report intrusive, fearful thoughts, a compulsive need to perform rituals, and an obsession with maintaining these rituals. In the case of anorexia nervosa these behaviors center on food and thinness whereas in OCD they are of a moreRead MoreEssay about eating disorders1286 Words   |  6 Pagesis very hard for a person with an eating disorder to understand since food is their tool for handling the stress and anxiety in their lives. Eating disorders affect millions of Americans each year (Eating Disorders 1). The most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Compulsive Overeating. These disorders are serious, and, when taken to extremes, can be life threatening as well. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;All eating disorders arise from a combination of long-standingRead MoreEating Disorders in Teenagers Essay511 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders in Teenagers Eating disorders are a growing problem in teenagers of today. 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Essay on The Holocaust The Concentration Camps - 1484 Words

Holocaust is the most terrible human action in the history. It absolutely marks the ending of the previous mentality of human-beings. Therefore, a new round of discovery of evilness of human nature has been established. Best uncovering the truth of Holocaust will help prevent the furthur destuction of humanism, which is the most important mission of the society after World War II. There are many sources of Holocaust trying to best uncover the truth, such as the inhabitant’s experience of the immediate suffering in the camp, fragment memories from the survivors. However, only the analyzations with critical sights of these horrible actions will appeal for just humanitarian attentions to the most extent. Inhabitant’s experience of the†¦show more content†¦The Night is absolute a wonderful book of accounting the experience which happened in the Nazi death camp, perhaps, it is one of thoese few books which got published. It uncovers the horrible shocking memory of evil and carries it with unerasable mesagge. I remember when I was reading the book, I could hardly read during some dark nights, all of the bloody scenes would terrify me from falling asleep. The Dark Side of the Moon is another book with exceptional detail on the sufferings of Poles during Holocaust. â€Å"Very many of these people were carriers of disease. Enormous numbers of them were children; and for the most part orphans.... The conditions of the deportations, with their epidemics, loss of life, monstrous sufferings, privation and disease of all kinds, were now being reproduced in reverse, and on a still more gigantic scale(215 Zajdlerowa). Trying to imagine some reports from other survivors which did not get published, all the bloody scenes in the reports will absolutely add more burdens to the readers which causes a negative effect of spreading the truth of Holocasut. Therefore straight inhabitant’s experience of the immediate suffering in the camp fails to inspire people who have passions and are sympathized to the tragedy. Fragment memories from the survivors to some extent are not accessable or reliable. Firstly, the survivors who are able to recall their memories are not the ones who suffered the most.Show MoreRelatedThe Holocaust Of The Concentration Camp2097 Words   |  9 Pagesdeserve to be treated that way. The holocaust started in January 30, 1933. The president during the time was Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany. In march 20, 1933 an officers opened the Dachau concentration camp outside of Munich. The camp was help for people like jews to be tortured and it wasn t any good thing about the concentration camp. The Dachau concentration camp was the first regular concentration camp established by the National Socialist government. 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Hitler was a solider in the first World War and was injuredmultiple times in combat. When Germany lost the war, Hitler was enraged because he put himself in the face of danger and was injured for his country and they lost. This event combined with some childhood events was the startRead More Holocaust-concentration Camps Essay610 Words   |  3 Pages Concentration Camps nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Concentration Camps were a big part of the Holocaust. My first topic is the concentration camp Dachau. Then I will talk about another concentration camp called Bergen-Belsen. After that, I will tell you about the concentration camp Treblinka. Finally, the last concentration I will talk about is Auschwitz-Birkenau. Describing these camps will inform you that concentration camps were a huge part of the Holocaust. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;DachauRead MoreThe Concentration Camps During The Holocaust1516 Words   |  7 PagesEleven million people died during the Holocaust of these eleven million people 2.4 million died from medical experiments conducted by German forces. These experiments were conducted mainly for three reasons. The first of which was to help the Germans gain knowledge that would help them better understand things that would have been viewed as threats or weaknesses to their military (Holocaust Museum). For example the Germans knew little of hypothermia and the weather located on the eastern front,Read MoreConcentration Camps During The Holocaust1675 Words   |  7 PagesImagine being pried away from your family. Not only that, but being left at the concentration camps, knowing that you are about to face the dreaded word â€Å"death†. Concentration camps broke people’s hearts and changed them forever. They had to encounter many terrifying and petrifying medical e xperiments. Alongside that, the so called â€Å"concentration camps† were basically almost becoming, or were, actual death camps. The things that they had to endure were heartbreaking and agonizing. They were starvedRead MoreThe Concentration Camps During The Holocaust1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of conducting camps used to incarcerate, degrade and essentially murder millions of innocent people who were deemed ‘unsuitable’ would be barbaric, nonsensical and deranged to nearly any person. But what was truly intriguing was the fact that these camps were at a point in time supported and encouraged by many. The formation of these camps known as â€Å"Concentration Camps† were notorious for being one of the most unnerving events in not only WWII, but even world history. The treatment thatRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Nazi Concentration And Death Camps939 Words   |  4 Pages Holocaust survivors give great insight to the realities of what the life w as like within the gates of the Nazi concentration and death camps. Not to say that the research of historians, writers, and professors does not provide pivotal information to the study of the Holocaust; but their research provides secondary sources and accounts. Primary sources for historic moments allows a reader to get into the mind and psyche of the writer who is sharing his or hers experiences. The ability to becomeRead MoreConditions of the Concentration Camps During the Holocaust Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesand forcing them into concentration camps all across Europe, Hitler and his Nazi advocates began one of the most destructive and horrifying genocides in history, known today as the Holocaust. Only after being introduced to the conditions of these concentration camps, the hatred and abuse put towards the Jewish, and the gruesome lifestyle they were trapped into living can one understand why the Holocaust affected so many as it did. What exactly were the conditions of th ese camps, and how did a few luckyRead MoreThe Holocaust The holocaust was the genocide of Jews and disabled humans in concentration camps600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust The holocaust was the genocide of Jews and disabled humans in concentration camps during World War 2. The Nazi’s were a political party that started with a few men who wanted to see the rise of Germany. 1933, Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany when the party was elected. Hitler and his party and the philosophy that Germans were a superior race and all other ethnic groups were not. They blamed the Jews and the disabled for the trouble that Germany had after World War 1. Therefore

Health and Social Unit 1 P2 Level 2 Free Essays

Unit 1 p2 health and social Visual impairment A visual impairment is when a person’s sense of sight is completely gone and the change is irreversible. However this can also mean someone is partially sighted, where their sight may be blurred or only able to see out of one eye. A visual impairment can be caused by age illness or incident; it prevents the patient being able to recognise people by face, body and other visual elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Social Unit 1 P2 Level 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To overcome tis barrier glasses may be worn in some partial sighted cases, and a form of written communication called braille may be used. Braille is created by making indentations in materials patterned to represent letters without actually outlining the shape of the letter. A variety of people may need to communicate with the partially sighted patients. Some examples of these are: * Health care assistants * Service users * Dentists * Opticians * Physiotherapist * Social worker * Relatives * Friends * Occupational therapist All of these individuals are challenged by te barrier and have to use certain aids and procedures in order to communicate with the patient efficiently and effectively. Some examples of these are: * Braille * Presentation/convocation with descriptive speech * Physical examples to feel English as a second language. A patient which has English as a second language or isn’t very fluent in the language can be hard to communicate with. This prevents communication with a patient unless aids are used. Some examples of these are: * Interpreter Translations * Visual aids * Hand, body and face expressions or movements These aids are used by the following: * Health care assistants * Service users (residents) * Dentist * Optician * Doctor * Physiotherapist * Social worker * Occupational therapist Friends and relatives would not be included in this category because they would more than likely speak the same language. For both barriers any issues, impairments etc. should be written down in a patients notes. Staff in the establishment should be trained in how to use the necessary aids. How to cite Health and Social Unit 1 P2 Level 2, Essay examples

Music Piracy free essay sample

In the 21st century, many changes have been made to digital media. One such media that has experienced an extreme change is music. It is no longer just a type of media that Is made by singers and bought by consumers, but It is now part of the dark, scary side of the Internet. There are even journal article authors who have written about music piracy. Music is the most widely pirated media in the world today. From singles to albums to recording demos, music of all genres Is ripped and released into the music piracy scene (Craig, Honing, and Burnett 174). These authors illustrate how big music piracy has become. Currently, in the world of music Industries, music piracy Is taking over the money business and leaving musicians financially unstable; this instability is the reason for convincing music pirates to stop downloading music, illegally, off the Internet by coming up with different solutions to the Issue of piracy. The solutions consist of finding other websites where music downloading can be done at a reasonable price, taking legal action if necessary, and coming up with hi-tech development that could stop pirates from downloading.People may be wondering what exactly music pirates are defined as. According to Amy Wither, they are normal, everyday people who download music illegally off the Internet (2). Music piracy has been occurring for a long time, as long as the sasss where music was conventionally regarded as lying beyond the purview of copyright altogether, so publishers sold unauthorized reprints freely (Johns 67). Later, though, big companies started to form in the world. Shawn Fanning, a college student, created the Anapest Company online. ND once It was established, everyone started to use Anapest in college and it spread around quickly becoming the new website to use and download music from (Wade 10). Anyone can do the downloading through Anapest and many people participate. Also, music piracy Is definitely not an untouched topic. There have been law cases against certain Internet companies that allow music sharing to occur. For example, Matt Richter discusses in the New York Times article that the company Fanning started (Anapest) was part of a court case against The Recording Industry Association of America.The court had ordered the industry and company to get along by allowing Anapest to copyright certain music that the recording Industry approved and, of course, for a price. Anapest failed to eave the music approved and only caused the court case to become bigger. Finally, the Judge ordered Anapest to stop swapping copyrighted music that the recording company owned. Even though all of these controversies occurred, Anapest and music piracy, in general, still believe they are doing no harm to the music industry and that they are actually benefiting the sales and profits.In an article titled Securities Price Effects of Anapest-Related Events, there is a phrase that reads the evidence indicates that events that threatened Anapests survival resulted in decreases in the stock prices of the music firms (Navies 167). Even though Anapest believed they were beneficial, It turns out they brought nothing but harm to the stock market. It was actually beneficial that Anapest was shut down. The court case is just one of the many issues Anapest has been through. It was a part of eleven court cases toys companies are still up and running, though, and there is not going to be a stop to piracy Just because one company has been shut down. It will keep on occurring until a stop is put to the companies. As the years have been going by, music sharing and downloading has been increasing and less people seem to care about it now. There ere once many news articles and online articles that discussed music piracy during the early sasss, but it has seemed to die down now. There has not been much talk on the issue.One reason why less people care about the music piracy issue is because the recording industries, themselves, have stopped trying to ban the illegal downloading. Also, there are a multitude of people that do this downloading; therefore, it is Just difficult to stop every single person from downloading music online. Since the people of the music industries and the pirates have stopped caring, other actions will have to be taken. In order to stop piracy from continuing, music pirates must completely stop the illegal downloading or technological protection strategies (Chug, Hung-Change et. L 723) must be taken on. As mentioned before, legal actions have been taken to stop the illegal purchasing, but the legal actions were only successful up too certain point. Certain technological advances could help, though, in stopping piracy. These advances consist of watermarks on Cads (Craig 175), blocking music piracy sites, and putting music into secure areas of the Internet to where one can only access the music with a small fee. All of these strategies seem relevant enough to work, but no one will ever know unless they are put into action. Music piracy has become the next big issue and measures must be put down to stop it. Music pirates have yet to realize the real dangers behind this illegal downloading. The people do not realize that music artists are being affected, financially, by their downloading and music industries are losing billions of dollars with a decrease in CD sales. When music industries first started to grow, there were only one to two companies that were part of the industry. Now, the industry as a hole is composed of five major companies that make over 14 billion yearly (Abortionist 10).These companies make good money, and the start of downloading and sharing has only ruined it. According to Alexandra Center, there is about 9 percent of the total population that download music every day. Also, the regular users that download the music also share the music to people who do not download as much. Because of this downloading and sharing, there has been a drop in music sales by 2. 7 percent making music industries lose billions. When it comes to music artists, they already have a hard time making money through recording impasses and music pirates do not make it easier.The statistics say that The costs of recording an album can easily reach several hundred thousand dollars, so an artist can only expect to earn royalties from an album if it sells over 500,000 copies (Abortionist 11). People may believe that artists are financially successful, but, in reality, they make barely any money. According to Janis Ian, a famous music artist, if were not songwriters, and not hugely successful commercially (as in platinum plus), we [recording artists] dont make a dime off our recordings (CTD. N Abortionist 12). Imagine how much recording artists would make if piracy took over completely.These artists would basically make zero money if they were not the least bit successful or had only been in the music business for a few years. Now, artists are Zimmermann men that were making good money off of selling pirated music in Botswana finally have their house broken into by famous music artists and they ended up confiscating all the pirated music (Legroom). Violence has even become a part of stopping piracy; therefore, music pirates do not know what may be coming to hem. Although there may be many other alternatives to piracy, some music pirates may not want to stop pirating at all.There are many opposing views in discontinuing music downloading or music file sharing. The views consist of music pirates not Anatine to drive to a store to buy a CD; in other words, they would want to do something that is more convenient for them. Also, most music pirates do not want to pay for the music. According to Cultures of Music Piracy, Making a single CD costs record companies well under $1 (Vogel, 2001: 162), students feel that CDC are overpriced, especially when it turns out there are only a couple of good songs on the album (CTD. In Condor 20).Even though it may look cheap if a CD only costs one dollar for it to be made and put into stores, the price of the CD afterwards is high and Nat the consumers have to pay is that high price. If anything free is available at hand, they would rather take that than purchase it. Music pirates, also, Just do not care that their downloading is affecting music artists. Music artists, famous celebrities who do not have much personal interaction with the common folk, are not ere important to the pirates and, therefore, do not care to take their music illegally.All of these opposing views seem reasonable on why music pirates do not want to purchase the music. There are solutions to all of these views, though. For example, hen it comes to music pirates wanting convenience in obtaining their music, they can easily purchase music at home on the Internet. There is absolutely no need for anyone to leave his or her own home and go to a store to buy a CD. Money is also a ere big issue in buying music, but that issue can be reasonable solved, too. There re many other websites that have packages put together for purchasing a certain amount of music. Rhapsody, a legal downloading music website, has a 14 day trial for anyone who is interested in signing up with them and, after the sign-up, it is either lust one dollar per track or $12. 99 per month for unlimited downloading :www. Rhapsody. Com). That deal is a very reasonable price and the website has broken down the payments in a way that is convenient for anyone. There are also many other websites out there who are willing to help anyone that needs financial assistance with his or her music purchases. For example, Limier is also another online company that allows anyone to become a member of his or her website and purchase music. Usually there are free membership trials if no one wants to obtain the full program. Since this option is available, people save money by not becoming full member of the program, but they would still have to purchase the music. It is a total of $34. 95 to acquire the full program of Limier (beta. Limier. Com). That price is a lot of money that can be saved if one Just signs up for the free membership. Also, there has even been a start to a certain number of students who seed to be pirates and now have taken measures to stop piracy.According to Elise Ackerman in her article titled Student Gets around Program to Prevent Music Piracy, Princeton University graduate named John Hildebrand actually installed a device Into a certain CD he owned that can stop anyone from copying that CD. He has even to it, the software was still made and put into certain computers to where no one can copy music from his or her CDC. Since this student came up with a way to prevent piracy, anyone has the capability to stop pirating and becoming like this man who reed stopped piracy.Even though music pirates can conveniently purchase music at home (even purchase it at a reasonable price) or even come up with software to prevent piracy, some music pirates could actually Just not care at all about how their downloading is affecting the careers of musicians. Music pirates do not realize, though, that if they ke ep on pirating, soon enough music artists will be out of the Job and there will be no more music made for the pirates to download illegally. Music pirates will have no more music to listen to and there will be no more artists in the industry. Several music artists that have been close to experiencing this scenario are all over programs online such as Limier, Anapest, Rhapsody, and etc. Anyone that may seem to be doing well in the music industry such as Taylor Swift, Jessie McCarty, and Akin all end up on these piracy sites and they are gradually losing money every second one of their singles are being downloaded (Center 64). Soon enough all these famous artists will have no more money to produce more music and the music industry will come crashing down.There are no benefits in either of the tuitions where music pirates are stubborn in stopping piracy and, at the same time, music artists are losing money. It is better if the music pirates Just stop pirating all together. Therefore, music artists do not go bankrupt and are available to make more music for the pleasure of listening. Everyone benefits if this solution comes true. Now, what if music pirates still do not care that a certain number of artists lose their Jobs since there are many artists in the industry? What are music pirates going to do if all the music artists make their music only accessible to Tunes or Junes?There is no way one can obtain music for free if all the music is put into these types of services. Therefore, again, it is for the best if piracy is put a stop to otherwise, one day, all the music made by all the music artists will be only a part of services like Tunes and then there will be no music by music artists available for pirates to listen to. Only way they can is if they start buying music. Music piracy has many ways of being stopped and music pirates would be able to see this now. Music piracy, a big Issue among the entire world, has been ruining music industries for decades, now, ND leaving most music artists with no money.These results are the very reason on NH music piracy needs to be put a stop to either by legal action, technological software, or by the music pirates themselves. Piracy has become a big issue and certain actions have been taken to stop pirates from continuing their downloading, but these certain actions have not seemed to have worked at all. Music pirates, however, have been given a sufficient amount of reasons on why piracy needs to be put to a stop to, and if these reasons stop the whole piracy issue, there will be a Nor filled with no piracy and music artists will be financially stable again.